Cov thev naus laus zis thev cakuv mus rau hauv tib neeg' s lub neej los ntawm txhua yam, tab sis muaj ntau hom lasers, nrog cov wavelengths sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, yog li cov teb ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Kuv ntseeg hais tias feem ntau cov neeg muaj mob taub hau me ntsis ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov teeb meem laser. Yog li no, cov ntawv no sau cov ntsiab lus ntau yam ntawm cov lasers thiab piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv ntawm txhua hom laser los ntawm ib qho.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm sib txawv, cov lasers tau muab faib ua cov lasers, roj lasers, zas lasers, semiconductor lasers, fiber ntau lasers thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob dawb. Ntawm lawv, muaj ntau yam kev ncua ntawm cov khoom siv khov kho lub xeev thiab roj lasers. Txwv tsis pub dawb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lasers, cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua hom lasers yog tib yam, suav nrog lub twj tso kua mis, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab nce qhov nruab nrab.
Hauv cov tshuab lasers-ci, lub teeb feem ntau yog siv los ua lub twj tso kua mis, thiab cov muaju lossis cov tsom iav uas muaj peev xwm los tsim lub teeb pom kev laser hu ua laser ua haujlwm. Lub laser ua haujlwm cov khoom siv yog muaj li ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab ib qho ua kom ion. Cov khoom siv matrix muab qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog thiab chaw ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ion, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob laser ua tiav ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom mob ion. Cov kev nquag siv los ua cov ions feem ntau yog hloov hlau ions, xws li chromium, pob zeb diamond, npib tsib xee, thiab tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb hlau ions, xws li neodymium ions. Ib qho hluav taws xob pleev xim nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab dielectric rau saum npoo ua haujlwm ua lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj lub ntsej muag, ib qho yog tag nrho-tsom iav thiab ib qho yog ib nrab-daim iav. Thaum sib txawv ions sib txawv, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv matrix thiab lub teeb sib txawv ntawm lub teeb tau siv rau kev zam, ntau yam sib txawv wavelengths ntawm laser lub teeb yuav tawm. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom cua ruaj khov thiab lub xeev lasers thiab lawv cov ntawv thov.
Ruby laser
Cov zis laser wavelength yog 694. {{1}} nm, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob photoelectric yog tsawg, tsuas yog 0. 1%. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub neej ntev fluorescence yog qhov zoo rau lub zog cia, thiab nws tuaj yeem tsim tawm cov txiaj ntsig siab ntawm lub zog mem tes. Lub laser tsim los ntawm ib tus pas nrig ruby nrog cov tuab ntawm tus cwj mem tub ntxhais thiab cov ntiv tes ntev tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim rau cov hlau ntawv. Ua ntej qhov rov tshwm sim dua ntawm YAG lasers zoo dua, ruby lasers tau siv dav hauv laser txiav thiab drilling. Tsis tas li ntawd, 694 nm lub teeb yog yooj yim nqus los ntawm melanin, yog li lub ruby laser tseem tseem siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov tawv nqaij pleev xim (mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij).
Titanium sapphire laser
Vim tias nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws muaj qhov ua kom pom qhov dav (uas yog, lub teeb yoj), thiab tuaj yeem tsim teeb pom kev nrog lub yoj yoj ntawm 660 nm-1200nm raws li cov kev xav tau. Ua ke nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub zaus ob npaug ntawm cov thev naus laus zis (uas tuaj yeem muab qhov zaus ob zaug ntawm lub teeb, uas yog, txwv tsis pub ntev ntawm lub yoj yoj), qhov ntev wavelength tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau 330 nm-600nm. Titanium sapphire lasers siv nyob rau hauv femtosecond spectrometry, kev tshawb fawb tsis siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob, lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob dawb, terahertz vuam tiam, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj kev siv hauv kev kho mob kev zoo nkauj.
YAJ
Nws yog cov ntawv luv ntawm yttrium txhuas garnet. Cov tshuaj tam sim no tam sim no zoo tshaj plaws laser siv lead ua matrix nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo. Nws tuaj yeem tsim tawm 1064 nm lub teeb tom qab doped nrog neodymium (Nd), thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws txuas ntxiv tso zis hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1000 w. Lub sijhawm thaum ntxov, ib qho inert gas nyem tau siv los ua lub tshuab tso tawm ntawm lub laser. Txawm li cas los xij, lub teeb nyem nyem txheej txheem muaj qhov pom dav dav, qhov tsis zoo sib xws nrog qhov nqus cov xim ntawm lub laser nce mus nruab nrab, thiab lub zog loj thauj khoom, uas ua rau qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tsawg kawg. Yog li no, siv LD (laser diode) cov twj tso kua mis tuaj yeem ua tiav siab, muaj zog, thiab lub neej ntev ntawm lub teeb. Nd: YAG laser tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho mob hemangiomas rau kev txwv cov qog ntshav hlav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev puas tsuaj thermal ntawm cov laser no rau cov ntaub so ntswg yog qhov tsis xaiv. Thaum coagulating rau cov leeg ntshav, lub zog ntau dhau kuj tseem yuav ua kev puas tsuaj puag ncig cov ntaub so ntswg, tawm hauv qhov nti tom qab phais. Yog li no, Nd: YAG lasers feem ntau siv rau kev phais mob, kho mob poj niam, ntsej muag zoo nkauj, thiab siv qis hauv cov tawv nqaij zoo.
Yb: YAG, doped nrog Yb (Yb) hauv YAG, tuaj yeem tso tawm 1030 nm teeb. Yb: YAG' s lub twj tso kua mis wavelength yog 941 nm, uas yog ze rau ntawm qhov tso tawm wavelength, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav lub twj tso tawm qhov ntau ntawm cov dej num ntawm 91. 4 %, thiab lub tshav kub tso nrog lub twj tso kua mis yog tswj hwm kom tsis pub dhau 10% (feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob nkag tau hloov mus rau cov zis Ib feem me me ntawm lub zog laser ua kom muaj cua sov, uas txhais tau hais tias hloov dua siab tshiab ntau heev),, uas yog {{6)}% rau 30% ntawm Nd: YAG. Yb: YAG tau dhau los ua ib qho pom tseeb tshaj plaws nyob hauv xeev laser kev tshaj tawm. LD-pumped high-power Yb: YAG solid-state lasers tau dhau los ua cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab hotspot thiab raug suav hais tias yog qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho kom muaj txiaj ntsig, muaj zog-lub zog-lub xeev lasers.
Ntxiv rau ob hom saum toj no, YAG kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog erbium (Ho), erbium (Er), thiab cov zoo li. Ho: YAG tuaj yeem tsim 2097 nm thiab 2091 nm lasers uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag, radar thiab kev siv kho mob. Er: YAG tso zis 2. 9 μm teeb. Tib neeg lub cev muaj lub siab nqus ntawm lub nthwv dej no, thiab muaj peev xwm thov tau zoo heev rau kev phais laser thiab vascular phais.
Dye laser
Lub laser uas siv cov organic zas ua cov nruab nrab laser, feem ntau ua kua ua kua. Piv nrog rau cov roj cua thiab cov tawv nqaij lub xeev cov xov xwm laser, zas xim txuas feem ntau tuaj yeem siv ntau dua cov khoom siv yoj hluav taws xob. Qhov dav bandwidth ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau tunable thiab pulsed lasers. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws lub neej nruab nrab tsis ntev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, nws tau hloov lub hauv paus los ntawm lub zog-xeev laser nrog lub nthwv dej sib xws xws li titanium sapphire.
Semiconductor laser
Nws yog lub laser siv khoom siv semiconductor ua cov tshuaj ua haujlwm. Nws muaj peb hom kev ua kom tau zoo: kev txhaj tshuaj hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob nqaj excitation thiab qhov nqus dej tawm. Kev loj me me, tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev pab lub neej ntev, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, laser luam ntawv, laser pointer, kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag, laser TV, me me laser projector, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob tshaj plaws hom tseem ceeb ntawm laser.
Kev xaiv fiber ntau laser
Nws hais txog lub laser siv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj keeb-doped iav fiber ntau li qhov nce nruab nrab, uas muaj ntau cov ntawv thov, suav nrog kev sib txuas lus laser fiber ntau, laser qhov chaw sib txuas lus, kev lag luam nkoj tsim, tsheb tsim, laser engraving, laser npav, laser txiav , luam ntawv rolls, hlau Hlau drilling / txiav / vuam (txhuam, quenching, cladding thiab sib sib zog nqus vuam), kev ruaj ntseg kev tiv thaiv tub rog, khoom siv kho mob thiab khoom siv, cov txheej txheem loj, ua cov twj tso kua mis rau lwm lub lasers, thiab lwm yam.
Dawb hauv hluav taws xob laser
Nws yog hom tshiab ntawm high-power coherent hluav taws xob qhov chaw uas txawv ntawm cov lasers ib txwm muaj. Nws tsis tas yuav muaj roj, ua kua lossis cov khoom ruaj khov raws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, tab sis ncaj qha hloov lub zog kev tig kis lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob loj rau hauv cov pa hluav taws xob muaj zog. Yog li no, cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb xoos hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob kuj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua hluav taws xob dawb. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li lub zog loj, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev siv ntau yam ntawm wavelengths, thiab lub sijhawm qauv ntawm ultra-luv pulses. Sib nrug los ntawm nws, tsis muaj laser tuaj yeem muaj cov yam ntxwv no tib lub sijhawm. Nws muaj kev cia siab ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv physics, laser riam phom, laser fusion, photochemistry, thiab kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag.